Detection of novel coronaviruses in bats in Myanmar
Identifieur interne : 000226 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000225; suivant : 000227Detection of novel coronaviruses in bats in Myanmar
Auteurs : Marc T. Valitutto [États-Unis] ; Ohnmar Aung [États-Unis] ; Kyaw Yan Naing Tun [États-Unis] ; Megan E. Vodzak [États-Unis] ; Dawn Zimmerman [États-Unis] ; Jennifer H. Yu [États-Unis] ; Ye Tun Win [Birmanie] ; Min Thein Maw [Birmanie] ; Wai Zin Thein [Birmanie] ; Htay Htay Win [Birmanie] ; Jasjeet Dhanota [États-Unis] ; Victoria Ontiveros [États-Unis] ; Brett Smith [États-Unis] ; Alexandre Tremeau-Brevard [États-Unis] ; Tracey Goldstein [États-Unis] ; Christine K. Johnson [États-Unis] ; Suzan Murray [États-Unis] ; Jonna Mazet [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- génétique : Coronavirus.
- isolement et purification : Coronavirus.
- virologie : Bouche, Canal anal, Chiroptera, Fèces.
- Animaux, Coronavirus, Myanmar, Surveillance de la population.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Birmanie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Myanmar.
- classification : Coronavirus.
- genetics : Coronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Coronavirus.
- virology : Anal Canal, Chiroptera, Feces, Mouth.
- Animals, Population Surveillance.
Abstract
The recent emergence of bat-borne zoonotic viruses warrants vigilant surveillance in their natural hosts. Of particular concern is the family of coronaviruses, which includes the causative agents of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and most recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an epidemic of acute respiratory illness originating from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Viral detection, discovery, and surveillance activities were undertaken in Myanmar to identify viruses in animals at high risk contact interfaces with people. Free-ranging bats were captured, and rectal and oral swabs and guano samples collected for coronaviral screening using broadly reactive consensus conventional polymerase chain reaction. Sequences from positives were compared to known coronaviruses. Three novel alphacoronaviruses, three novel betacoronaviruses, and one known alphacoronavirus previously identified in other southeast Asian countries were detected for the first time in bats in Myanmar. Ongoing land use change remains a prominent driver of zoonotic disease emergence in Myanmar, bringing humans into ever closer contact with wildlife, and justifying continued surveillance and vigilance at broad scales.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230802
PubMed: 32271768
PubMed Central: 7144984
Affiliations:
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Valitutto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aung, Ohnmar" sort="Aung, Ohnmar" uniqKey="Aung O" first="Ohnmar" last="Aung">Ohnmar Aung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tun, Kyaw Yan Naing" sort="Tun, Kyaw Yan Naing" uniqKey="Tun K" first="Kyaw Yan Naing" last="Tun">Kyaw Yan Naing Tun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vodzak, Megan E" sort="Vodzak, Megan E" uniqKey="Vodzak M" first="Megan E." last="Vodzak">Megan E. Vodzak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmerman, Dawn" sort="Zimmerman, Dawn" uniqKey="Zimmerman D" first="Dawn" last="Zimmerman">Dawn Zimmerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Jennifer H" sort="Yu, Jennifer H" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Jennifer H." last="Yu">Jennifer H. Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Win, Ye Tun" sort="Win, Ye Tun" uniqKey="Win Y" first="Ye Tun" last="Win">Ye Tun Win</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw, Myanmar</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naypyitaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maw, Min Thein" sort="Maw, Min Thein" uniqKey="Maw M" first="Min Thein" last="Maw">Min Thein Maw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw, Myanmar</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naypyitaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thein, Wai Zin" sort="Thein, Wai Zin" uniqKey="Thein W" first="Wai Zin" last="Thein">Wai Zin Thein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw, Myanmar</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naypyitaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Win, Htay Htay" sort="Win, Htay Htay" uniqKey="Win H" first="Htay Htay" last="Win">Htay Htay Win</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw, Myanmar</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyitaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naypyitaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhanota, Jasjeet" sort="Dhanota, Jasjeet" uniqKey="Dhanota J" first="Jasjeet" last="Dhanota">Jasjeet Dhanota</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ontiveros, Victoria" sort="Ontiveros, Victoria" uniqKey="Ontiveros V" first="Victoria" last="Ontiveros">Victoria Ontiveros</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Brett" sort="Smith, Brett" uniqKey="Smith B" first="Brett" last="Smith">Brett Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremeau Brevard, Alexandre" sort="Tremeau Brevard, Alexandre" uniqKey="Tremeau Brevard A" first="Alexandre" last="Tremeau-Brevard">Alexandre Tremeau-Brevard</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Tracey" sort="Goldstein, Tracey" uniqKey="Goldstein T" first="Tracey" last="Goldstein">Tracey Goldstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Christine K" sort="Johnson, Christine K" uniqKey="Johnson C" first="Christine K." last="Johnson">Christine K. Johnson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Suzan" sort="Murray, Suzan" uniqKey="Murray S" first="Suzan" last="Murray">Suzan Murray</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazet, Jonna" sort="Mazet, Jonna" uniqKey="Mazet J" first="Jonna" last="Mazet">Jonna Mazet</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Anal Canal (virology)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Chiroptera (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus (classification)</term><term>Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Feces (virology)</term><term>Mouth (virology)</term><term>Myanmar</term><term>Population Surveillance</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Bouche (virologie)</term><term>Canal anal (virologie)</term><term>Chiroptera (virologie)</term><term>Coronavirus ()</term><term>Coronavirus (génétique)</term><term>Coronavirus (isolement et purification)</term><term>Fèces (virologie)</term><term>Myanmar</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Myanmar</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bouche</term><term>Canal anal</term><term>Chiroptera</term><term>Fèces</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anal Canal</term><term>Chiroptera</term><term>Feces</term><term>Mouth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Population Surveillance</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Myanmar</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Birmanie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The recent emergence of bat-borne zoonotic viruses warrants vigilant surveillance in their natural hosts. Of particular concern is the family of coronaviruses, which includes the causative agents of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and most recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an epidemic of acute respiratory illness originating from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Viral detection, discovery, and surveillance activities were undertaken in Myanmar to identify viruses in animals at high risk contact interfaces with people. Free-ranging bats were captured, and rectal and oral swabs and guano samples collected for coronaviral screening using broadly reactive consensus conventional polymerase chain reaction. Sequences from positives were compared to known coronaviruses. Three novel alphacoronaviruses, three novel betacoronaviruses, and one known alphacoronavirus previously identified in other southeast Asian countries were detected for the first time in bats in Myanmar. Ongoing land use change remains a prominent driver of zoonotic disease emergence in Myanmar, bringing humans into ever closer contact with wildlife, and justifying continued surveillance and vigilance at broad scales.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morens, Dm" uniqKey="Morens D">DM Morens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Folkers, Gf" uniqKey="Folkers G">GF Folkers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morse, Ss" uniqKey="Morse S">SS Morse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woolhouse, Mej" uniqKey="Woolhouse M">MEJ Woolhouse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gowtage Sequeria, S" uniqKey="Gowtage Sequeria S">S Gowtage-Sequeria</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, Ke" uniqKey="Jones K">KE Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Ng" uniqKey="Patel 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uniqKey="Graham R">RL Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bric, Rs" uniqKey="Bric R">RS Bric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Afelt, A" uniqKey="Afelt A">A Afelt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frutos, R" uniqKey="Frutos R">R Frutos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devaux, C" uniqKey="Devaux C">C Devaux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dominguez, Sr" uniqKey="Dominguez S">SR Dominguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Hea, Tj" uniqKey="O Hea T">TJ O’Shea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oko, Lm" uniqKey="Oko L">LM Oko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Homes, Kv" uniqKey="Homes K">KV Homes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tong, S" uniqKey="Tong S">S Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrardy, C" uniqKey="Conrardy C">C Conrardy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruone, S" uniqKey="Ruone S">S Ruone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuzmin, Iv" uniqKey="Kuzmin I">IV Kuzmin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, X" uniqKey="Guo X">X Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tao, Y" uniqKey="Tao Y">Y Tao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gloza Rausch, F" uniqKey="Gloza Rausch F">F Gloza-Rausch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ipsen, A" uniqKey="Ipsen A">A Ipsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seebens, A" uniqKey="Seebens A">A Seebens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gottsche, M" uniqKey="Gottsche M">M Göttsche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panning, M" uniqKey="Panning M">M Panning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drexler, Jf" uniqKey="Drexler J">JF Drexler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Cs" uniqKey="Smith C">CS Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Ce" uniqKey="De Jong C">CE de Jong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meers, J" uniqKey="Meers J">J Meers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henning, J" uniqKey="Henning J">J Henning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lf" uniqKey="Wang L">LF Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Field, He" uniqKey="Field H">HE Field</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anthony, Sj" uniqKey="Anthony S">SJ Anthony</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ojeda Flores, R" uniqKey="Ojeda Flores R">R Ojeda-Flores</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rico Chavez, O" uniqKey="Rico Chavez O">O Rico-Chávez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navarrete Marcias, I" uniqKey="Navarrete Marcias I">I Navarrete-Marcias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zambrana Torrelio, Cm" uniqKey="Zambrana Torrelio C">CM Zambrana-Torrelio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rostal, Mk" uniqKey="Rostal M">MK Rostal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lelli, D" uniqKey="Lelli D">D Lelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papetti, A" uniqKey="Papetti A">A Papetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabelli, C" uniqKey="Sabelli C">C Sabelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosti, E" uniqKey="Rosti E">E Rosti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, A" uniqKey="Moreno A">A Moreno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boniotti, Mb" uniqKey="Boniotti M">MB Boniotti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Birmanie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Valitutto, Marc T" sort="Valitutto, Marc T" uniqKey="Valitutto M" first="Marc T." last="Valitutto">Marc T. 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Johnson</name><name sortKey="Mazet, Jonna" sort="Mazet, Jonna" uniqKey="Mazet J" first="Jonna" last="Mazet">Jonna Mazet</name><name sortKey="Murray, Suzan" sort="Murray, Suzan" uniqKey="Murray S" first="Suzan" last="Murray">Suzan Murray</name><name sortKey="Ontiveros, Victoria" sort="Ontiveros, Victoria" uniqKey="Ontiveros V" first="Victoria" last="Ontiveros">Victoria Ontiveros</name><name sortKey="Smith, Brett" sort="Smith, Brett" uniqKey="Smith B" first="Brett" last="Smith">Brett Smith</name><name sortKey="Tremeau Brevard, Alexandre" sort="Tremeau Brevard, Alexandre" uniqKey="Tremeau Brevard A" first="Alexandre" last="Tremeau-Brevard">Alexandre Tremeau-Brevard</name><name sortKey="Tun, Kyaw Yan Naing" sort="Tun, Kyaw Yan Naing" uniqKey="Tun K" first="Kyaw Yan Naing" last="Tun">Kyaw Yan Naing Tun</name><name sortKey="Vodzak, Megan E" sort="Vodzak, Megan E" uniqKey="Vodzak M" first="Megan E." last="Vodzak">Megan E. Vodzak</name><name sortKey="Yu, Jennifer H" sort="Yu, Jennifer H" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Jennifer H." last="Yu">Jennifer H. Yu</name><name sortKey="Zimmerman, Dawn" sort="Zimmerman, Dawn" uniqKey="Zimmerman D" first="Dawn" last="Zimmerman">Dawn Zimmerman</name></country><country name="Birmanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Win, Ye Tun" sort="Win, Ye Tun" uniqKey="Win Y" first="Ye Tun" last="Win">Ye Tun Win</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Maw, Min Thein" sort="Maw, Min Thein" uniqKey="Maw M" first="Min Thein" last="Maw">Min Thein Maw</name><name sortKey="Thein, Wai Zin" sort="Thein, Wai Zin" uniqKey="Thein W" first="Wai Zin" last="Thein">Wai Zin Thein</name><name sortKey="Win, Htay Htay" sort="Win, Htay Htay" uniqKey="Win H" first="Htay Htay" last="Win">Htay Htay Win</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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